Domestic violence and violence means the infliction of fear of bodily injury, serious bodily injury, stalking, sexual abuse, assault or imminent bodily harm, i.e. unmarried couples.
Family member means spouse, including former spouse, grandparent, parent, a child, step-child, or any other person residing in the same household as the child, if the child is the alleged victim Is.
An unmarried couple is any member of an unmarried couple who is suspected of having children together, any children of that couple or members of an unmarried couple who live together or have lived together.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies four types of violence against intimate partners: physical violence; Sexual violence, harassment and mental aggression Information on significant definition changes can be found in Intimate Partner Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements, Version 2.0, published 2015.
Physical violence
Physical violence is the intentional use of physical force that can cause death, disability, injury, or injury. Physical abuse includes, but is not limited to:
Scratching, pushing, or pushing
Throwing, grabbing, or biting
Choking, shaking, aggressively pulling, punching, punching, punching, or burning
Using a weapon or burning
also includes compulsion of other people to do any of the above.
Research has shown that physical abuse is often associated with emotional abuse and, in one third to one half of cases, with sexual abuse (Heise and Garcia-Moreno, 2002). Violence is usually not limited to a single case. The National Survey on Violence Against Women (NVAWS) found that women who were physically assaulted by their intimate partner suffered an average of 6.9 physical assaults from the same partner, while men who were assaulted suffered an average of 4,4 attacks.
Women suffer more from chronic physical aggression and harm from the hands of an intimate partner than men. NVAWS found that more than 40% of women who were physically assaulted by an intimate partner were injured in a recent attack, compared to 20% of men. Most injuries, such as scratches, bruises and fractures, were minor. Depending on the severity and frequency of the abuse, more serious injuries may occur. Physical violence can lead to death.
Sexual violence
Sexual violence is divided into five categories, each of which constitutes sexual violence, whether attempted or committed. In addition, all of these acts occur without the consent of the victim, including cases where the victim is unable to give consent because he or she is too drunk (e.g., helpless, unconscious, or unconscious) through voluntary consumption or unintentional use of alcohol or substances.
Rape or harass the victim. This includes complete or tried. Forced use of alcohol/medication to facilitate unwanted vaginal, oral, or anal insertion. Violent intrusion is through the use of physical force by the perpetrator against the victim or threats to physically harm the victim.
Victims are designed to penetrate other people. These include cases of attempted or forced or alcohol / drugs where the victim is forced to have sex with the perpetrator or someone else without the consent of the victim.
Unwanted penetration without physical pressure. This includes cases where the victim was verbally pressured or agreed to introduce intimidation or abuse of power. Unwanted sexual contact. This includes intentional touching of the victim, or the victim touching the perpetrator, directly or through clothing, on the genitals, anus, groin, breasts, inner thighs or buttocks without the consent of the victim.
Unwanted sexual experience without contact. This includes unwanted sexual events that are not physical in nature and occur without the victim’s consent. Examples include exposure to unwanted sexual situations (eg, pornography); verbal or behavioral sexual harassment; Threats of sexual violence to achieve other goals; and/or filming, taking, or sharing unsolicited photos of another person’s sexual nature.
Sexual and physical violence is often accompanied by controlling behaviour. In a World Health Organization (WHO) survey of more than 24,000 women in 10 countries, the proportion of people experiencing one or more of the following control behaviors varied from 20% in Japan to 90% in Tanzania, UK.
Examples:
Limits contact with relatives
Insists on always knowing where she is
Angry or ignores when she talks to other men
Often accuses her of disloyalty
Controls access to health care ( WHO, 2005 )
Stalking and Cyberstalking
Stalking is a pattern of repeated and unwanted attention and contact that creates fear or concern for the safety of oneself or others (eg, family members or friends). Examples include frequent and unwanted phone calls, emails, or text messages; leave cards, letters, flowers or anything else when the victim doesn’t want them; see or follow from afar; to spy; Approaching or appearing in places the victim does not want to see sneaking into the victim’s home or vehicle; damage to the victim’s personal property; harm or threaten the victim’s pet; and threaten to physically harm the victim.
In the United States, 7.5 million people are persecuted within a year, with 85% of victims being persecuted by someone they know. 61% of female victims and 44% of male victims are harassed by intimate partners. Among the women killed, 76 per cent.
Today, stalkers have a wide range of computers and equipment at their fingertips, including the Internet, global positioning systems, cell phones, and tiny digital cameras. In many states, common creep statues have not kept up with this new technology.
Psychological aggression
Psychological aggression is the use of verbal and nonverbal communication with the intent to harm and/or control another person mentally or emotionally. Psychological aggression may include:
Expressed aggression (eg appointment, humiliation)
Forced control (eg restriction of transport, money, access to friends and family; surveillance of the place)
Physical assaults or threats of sexual violence ; Control of reproductive or sexual health (eg refusal to use contraception; forced termination of pregnancy)
Exploitation of the victim’s weakness (eg immigration status, disability)
Exploitation of the perpetrator’s weakness Doubt your memory or perception of presentation example, brain games) (CDC, 2016).
Coercive control and intimidation by a violent partner is an essential component of all these types of violence. The controlling partner’s ability to control depends on the belief that if the abused person does not comply with the abusive partner’s requirements, the victim, the victim’s children, other people or the victim’s concerns will be harmed. Threats often punctuate good deeds on the part of the offender, making it difficult for the victim to break free from the cycle of violence.